Not sure about home type filters, but commercial breweries (or at least the one I work for) just use a 2 stage Sand then Activated Carbon filtration system, with UV sterlization for Micro orgs. According to their blurb, thats enough to make it "Cear, colourless, wholesome ... Free from Taint and Free from Odour"
Now these guys might not make a lot of beer that I think tastes particularly great, but they sure as shit know how to brew absolutely
faultless beer with 100% consistency. If the AC filtration leaves any chlorine in the water, well, its in amounts that some of the best (technically) brewers in the world think is irrelevant.
Me, well I just boil it all the night before and let it sit out. Any chlorine thats left over after that has serious competition for off flavours with those generated by my lack of skill

A filter is on my list of shit to get, but it aint at the top.